Iowa Emergency Medicine expert witnesses evaluate acute care delivered in urban trauma centers, rural critical access hospitals, and community EDs across the state. Many practice within systems anchored by University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and major Des Moines networks, with backgrounds in trauma, pediatric, geriatric, and prehospital EMS care. They assess triage decisions, diagnostic workups, time-sensitive interventions, transfer protocols, and adherence to Iowa-specific emergency care standards.