Mechanical ventilation expert witnesses practice in a variety of fields, including critical care medicine, pulmonology, anesthesiology, respiratory therapy, and biomedical engineering. Some of the most common specialties include ICU ventilator management, CPAP and BiPAP devices, ventilator design, alarm failures, and hospital respiratory protocols. They can opine on the effects of improper ventilator settings, equipment malfunction, hypoxia, and deviation from respiratory care standards.