This case involves a man who purchased a hair relaxer marketed as a ‘no-lye’ product from a retail drug store. The man applied the product in accordance with the packaging instructions and immediately suffered severe chemical burns to his scalp.
As he began washing the product out of his hair, large chunks of hair fell out leaving bald patches throughout his scalp. The man suffered permanent hair loss as a result of the incident. An expert in toxicology with specific experience in the hair product chemicals was sought to evaluate whether the product’s safety profile was accurately represented.
Questions to the Toxicology expert and their responses
Please describe the standards and protocols for the development of a product's safety profile.
For a finished product, safety data on the ingredients and on the final product is necessary. A cosmetic product should have skin and eye irritation/corrosion, mutagenicity and sensitization data. To test these endpoints, a company should utilize standard models as defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Information from these studies is used to determine a maximum-use level of a product or ingredient. In addition, a proper safety assessment should be performed using generally accepted consumer-use assumptions.
Are there specific types of ingredients that would make hair products unsafe for consumers? If so, please describe.
There are specific types of ingredients that would make hair products unsafe. These ingredients can be categorized as potential hazards if inhaled or following topical exposure. These materials can be further subcategorized as acute or chronic irritants/corrosives, sensitizers and mutagens. Specifically for hair relaxer products, there are lye-based (sodium hydroxide), non-lye (calcium hydroxide and guanidine carbonate) and thio-based (thioglycolic acid salts) formulations. The literature demonstrates that hair relaxers can cause burns and lesions on the scalp. The hair relaxing process can also cause breakage of the hair and alopecia. This is a common process I use to support or limit the use of cosmetic ingredients and finished products.
About the expert
I am a board-certified toxicologist and have worked in the personal care/cosmetics industry for 12+ years in both the supplier and finished products side of the business. I have performed safety and exposure assessment tests and have served as an expert witness in cases involving industrial chemicals and recreational and prescription drugs.
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About the author
Victoria Negron
Victoria Negron has extensive experience in journalism and thought leadership in the legal space, with a background crafting content, whitepapers, webinars, and current event articles pertaining to the role of expert witnesses in complex litigation matters. She is a skilled professional specializing in B2B product marketing and content marketing. Currently, she serves as an Enterprise Product Marketing Manager at Postman, and previously held the position of Technical Product Marketing Manager at Palantir Technologies, where she developed her skills in launch strategies, go-to-market strategy, and competitive analysis.
Her expertise in content marketing was further refined during her tenure at the Expert Institute, where she progressed from a Marketing Writer to Senior Content Marketing Manager, and eventually to Associate Director of Content & Product Marketing. In these roles, she honed her abilities in digital marketing, SEO, content strategy, and thought leadership.
Educationally, Victoria holds a Master of Business Administration from the University of Florida - Warrington College of Business and a Bachelor of Arts in Literature, Art, and Hispanic Studies from Hamilton College. Her diverse educational background and professional experience have equipped her with a robust skill set in product marketing, content development, and strategic marketing initiatives.
