Legal malpractice occurs when an attorney breaches the requisite standard of care customary to the practice of law. Generally, a legal malpractice claim requires the plaintiff to prove that:
- The attorney owed a duty of care to the plaintiff
- The attorney deviated from the applicable standard of care
- The plaintiff suffered damages
- The damages were directly caused by the attorney’s deviation from the standard of care
Not all legal malpractice claims are created equal, however, as the types of claims are as varied as the practice areas themselves. In its annual survey of legal malpractice claims, insurance broker Ames & Gough polled nine of the leading lawyers’ professional liability insurance companies. While some of its findings remained consistent with previous years, new trends reflective of greater changes within the legal field are apparent.
Ames & Gough Legal Malpractice Survey
In its eighth annual survey of legal malpractice claims insurance brokerage firm Ames & Gough polled nine of the leading professional liability insurance companies — AXIS, CAN, Huntersure, Ironshore, Markel, Travelers, Swiss Re, QBE, and XL/Catlin. Altogether, they insure approximately 80% of the 200 highest gross law firms in the United States.
Conflicts of interest were found to be the most cited legal malpractice error, which is consistent with every year the survey had been conducted. This year, seven out of the nine insurers surveyed reported that actual and/or perceived conflicts are the first or second leading cause of legal malpractice claims. In 2017, eight of the nine surveyed insurers reported the same results. The frequency of alleged conflict of interest cases is unsurprising, as an attorney’s duty of loyalty (and breach of that duty) is taken seriously by clients and courts alike. Interestingly, nearly half of the insurers surveyed in 2017 cite lateral hires or “merged” attorneys not being properly trained or supervised as the root cause to conflict of interest claims. An attorney who has consistently worked within the same field – or for that matter, continues to work for their prior firm or client – needs to be adequately screened for potential conflicts of interest. However, the survey has shown that oftentimes, the law firms are not adequately conducting conflict checks or resolving the potential for conflict.
While the frequency of legal malpractice claims have stabilized in comparison to last year, the severity of claims, determined by their monetary amounts, continues to increase. All nine insurers had malpractice claims with reserves over $500,000, with five insurers reporting 21 or more of such claims. Over half of those surveyed paid a claim of $50 million or more, with one exceeding $100 million and another exceeding $150 million. The survey linked the rise in claim amounts to the overall continuing increase in attorneys’ fees and discovery costs. These figures evince a growing concern that law firms obtain the necessary insurance protections to fit their particular needs.
Of course, insurance liability varies throughout the practice areas, with some areas viewed as more of a liability than others. The four practice areas experiencing the highest number of legal malpractice claims, according to the survey, are business transactions, corporate and securities, real estate, and trusts and estates. The study found that the growing U.S. economy might be fueling an overall increase in workload for law firms handling business transactions, such as mergers and acquisitions and corporate securities. The survey found that malpractice claims in these areas are often due to scrivener (or typographical) errors in contracts, inadequate representation, breach of a fiduciary duty, or the existence of a conflict of interest.
Commercial real estate has experienced the same increase in malpractice claims due to the similar increase in the volume of such transactions. Claims typically involve errors in preparing deeds, mortgage or financing documents, and lease agreements, as well as the inadequate management or maintenance of escrow balances. Trusts and estates also account for a large volume of transactions within the United States and due to the inherently sensitive nature of the work, the cases are also susceptible to client dissatisfaction.
Like many industries, one of the biggest insurance risks to law firms relates to cybersecurity breaches. However, this year only four out of the nine insurers polled experienced more claims related to cybersecurity than the previous years. This does not necessarily mean cybersecurity issues are decreasing. Rather, the survey notes that more law firms have been purchasing stand-alone cybersecurity liability insurance policies which are separate from professional liability coverage.
How Can the Experts Help?
A claim of legal malpractice, like any professional negligence cause of action, must establish the requisite standard of care and also prove whether the standard was breached by the defendant lawyer. In order to successfully litigate a legal malpractice claim, both the plaintiffs and defendants would benefit from a legal expert to attest to the standard of care within the profession and if, in their expert opinion, the defendant lawyer breached the standard. The specific type of legal expert varies according to the practice area and sub-specialty. When utilizing a legal expert to establish the standard of care, it is best to retain an expert with experience handling the specific type of practice area and representation at issue.
The costs to defend legal malpractice claims continue to rise, with insurers citing cost increases between 2-5%. As the stakes increase, so does the need for a legal expert that can successfully navigate the particular legal field and practice area of the attorneys in question.
